The journal is committed to maintaining scientific integrity and publication quality. Therefore, it reserves the right to retract or withdraw any published article if scientific or ethical violations are identified that affect the reliability or validity of the work.

 

Retraction or withdrawal may be considered in the following cases:

- Plagiarism or unacceptable similarity levels (The similarity level must be less than 15%).

- Fabrication, falsification, or manipulation of data and results.

- Duplicate publication or simultaneous submission to another journal.

- Major errors that significantly affect the findings or conclusions.

- Violations of research ethics or failure to obtain required ethical approvals.

- Misleading information related to authorship, funding sources, or conflicts of interest.

The editorial board reviewed retraction cases in accordance with internationally recognized publication ethics standards. Authors may be asked to provide explanations or supporting documents before a final decision is made.

 Once a retraction is approved, the journal will publish an official retraction notice detailing the reasons for the action, thereby preserving the transparency and integrity of the scholarly record. In cases where it is legally or ethically mandated, the journal may also restrict access to or permanently remove the article